ISO/TR 21275:2017, based on 95 publications, gives an overview of what is the composition of the fumes emitted during the rubber manufacturing processes. The results obtained confirm that rubber fumes are a complex and variable mix of chemicals which have a wide range of possible sources and origins, including chemicals generated from the chemical reactions occurring in the rubber compounds during processing and curing. Some of these chemical substances can be hazardous, others are not. This document demonstrates the need for International Standards to qualify and quantify the hazardous chemicals to which the operators in the factories producing rubber articles can be exposed to, allowing the identification and mitigation of potential health risks.